Are you one of those who work for long hours each day, and still feel that the day had to be longer than 24 hours? You will have a boss to manage, your clients to answer, deadlines to meet, meetings to attend, and other requirements to be fulfilled to sustain your job. But, you can attend to all of these and more; if you understand the importance and steps to proper time management. We cannot expand time, but we can change ourselves to attain what we want to.
You can start managing yourselves by planning your day at work. Purchase a work diary. Make a list of tasks that you ought to complete on a particular workday, and then prioritize them, based on urgency. This list should include the meetings you need to attend, the phone calls you ought to make, and other routine activities. While you prepare the list of tasks, you need to keep enough number of breaks also in mind. If not a plan for the day, you can even create a plan for the whole week. However, you need to place the activities that are short at the top of the list.
Next you can allocate time for each task in the list. But, you need to plan it out in such a way that you are able to mix and work on longer and shorter tasks. It does not make much sense to keep all longer tasks together. Similarly, try to blend in small tasks that you enjoy doing along with long, monotonous jobs, to break the boredom and inefficiency resulting from it. While you assign time for the tasks, you should take care to assign a few minutes of buffer time for each task, irrespective of how long or short it is. This will help you to remain on track even if you are interrupted while you work on a task, something like a telephone call.
Against the time you estimated for an activity, you need to record the actual time you have taken as well. This comparison will help you to understand the element at work that steals away your time, without your being aware of it. If you genuinely took more time to complete something, you can allocate a little longer time for such tasks in the succeeding plans.
Apart from this, there might be days when you are a little relaxed, and do not have much to do. The rule is not to idle around and waste this time. You can manage this spare time effectively to plan for future tasks or activities. You can even use this time to clear your desk, clean up your desktop, or create templates or letters for future use.
Joe Daley
Logo Design Ideas at Logomyway.com
Article Source: http://EzineArticles.com/?expert=Joe_Daley
Joe Daley - EzineArticles Expert Author
Wednesday, August 12, 2009
PERANCANGAN PROGRAM SISTEM PENGKODEAN FITUR PRODUK (CODING SYSTEM) METODE OPITZ DENGAN MENGGUNAKAN PRO/ENGINEER
PERANCANGAN PROGRAM SISTEM PENGKODEAN FITUR PRODUK (CODING SYSTEM) METODE OPITZ DENGAN MENGGUNAKAN PRO/ENGINEER
Sunardi Tjandra
Prodi Teknik Manufaktur, Universitas Surabaya
Abstrak
Produksi massal merupakan salah satu aktifitas dalam dunia industri yang sangat dominan, berkisar 60-80% dari semua aktifitas produksi. Kesulitan utama yang sering ditemui dalam produksi massal adalah menghasilkan sebuah produk, dengan varian yang cukup banyak, sehingga desainer harus merancang sebanyak jumlah varian yang diinginkan. Salah satu tahap perancangan adalah penggambaran komponen, baik secara manual maupun berbantuan software CAD. Jika ingin menggambar varian komponen yang bentuk dan dimensinya hampir sama dengan komponen yang sudah digambar, desainer harus mencari file gambar tersebut berdasarkan nama gambar yang sudah diberikan sebelumnya. Setelah menemukannya, barulah desainer dapat melakukan penggambaran ataupun pengembangan dari gambar tersebut. Proses mencari file gambar, sampai penggambaran ulang membutuhkan waktu yang cukup lama, apalagi jika komponen yang akan dirancang memiliki varian yang banyak. Hal ini tentu saja mempengaruhi biaya produksi, terkait dengan waktu produksi yang semakin lama sehingga produk tidak dapat diselesaikan tepat pada waktunya.
Group Technology (GT) merupakan filosofi dimana beberapa masalah adalah sama, masalah yang sama tersebut dikelompokkan lalu dibuat sebuah pemecahan tunggal untuk mengatasi hal tersebut sehingga menghemat waktu dan tenaga. Dalam aplikasinya, GT bermanfaat untuk mengoptimasi perencanaan dalam proses manufaktur, karena bentuk yang sama mengacu pada proses manufaktur sama untuk material yang sama. Sistem pengkodean Opitz (Opitz Coding System) dalam GT sangat membantu dalam mengetahui golongan suatu komponen, sehingga desainer dapat dengan mudah mengidentifikasi komponen yang sudah ada maupun yang baru. Hal ini dikarenakan, semua komponen yang mempunyai kemiripan bentuk dan dimensi akan digolongkan. Berdasarkan permasalahan tersebut, dilakukan perancangan program sistem pengkodean Opitz dengan menggunakan Pro/Engineer, yang bertujuan untuk mereduksi jumlah gambar melalui standarisasi, serta mereduksi proses menggambar ulang produk yang sudah ada.
Dalam pembuatan program ini, terlebih dahulu dilakukan pemodelan komponen dengan fitur-fitur yang disesuaikan dengan sistem Opitz menggunakan Pro/Engineer Selanjutnya membuat pengelompokan fitur-fitur ke dalam 5 digit kode berdasarkan kemiripan fitur dasar dari komponen tersebut. Kelima digit tersebut terdiri dari: part class, external shape and elements, internal shape and elements, plane-surface machining, dan auxiliary holes and gear teeth. Setelah itu dilakukan pembuatan program dengan menggunakan Pro/Program, sehingga desainer hanya perlu menginput 5 digit kode sesuai dengan varian komponen yang diinginkan. Setelah program selesai, dilakukan verifikasi terhadap program tersebut, untuk mengetahui apakah program yang dibuat sesuai dengan kebutuhan. Hasil keluaran program berupa gambar model 3D, sehingga desainer hanya perlu melakukan modifikasi dimensi atau menambahkan fitur lain yang tidak terdapat dalam sistem kode. Selanjutnya komponen tersebut dapat langsung ditampilkan dalam bentuk gambar kerja, beserta dimensi dan penjelasan lainnya. Dengan program ini, desainer lebih mudah dalam membuat gambar komponen yang mempunyai kemiripan fitur dasar tanpa harus menggambar dari awal sehingga dapat menghemat waktu dan tenaga serta mendukung proses pengembangan produk.
Kata kunci : opitz, coding, program, perancangan produk, group technology
Wednesday, July 1, 2009
Overview of Rapid Prototyping
General
Rapid prototyping is the method for the creation of parts derived from 3D CAD data. The derived part is decomposed into slices (down to 0.003 inches thick), and SLA, STL builds the part a layer at a time. The contour and interior of a slice are created using a laser to solidify liquid polymer.
The first step is to translate a CAD file into surface model. The current industry standard format for this data is called STL. Most industry CAD packages have built in translation for this type of file. The file is then sliced into many layers like a stack of playing cards. This is known as an slice file or SLI. These SLI files are loaded digitally into the machine which drives the motions of a laser. Parts can be expensive, driven by the 4-24 hour build times and the expensive materials. One consideration is the brittle nature of the SLA model. Care should be taken in handling the produced parts. I have found that the rapid prototype process very helpful in concept, fit and assembly review during the design and development process.
Design
Due to the nature of the process, rapid prototyping is a very easy process to design for. The primary difficulty lies in avoiding large, thin sections which tend to warp while curing. Trapped volumes should also be avoided. To overcome a trapped volume, there are techniques available, but these can impact build times, quality and design intent.
• Fill trapped volumes with the CAD model before file conversion.
• Change the geometry. The part can be built in sections This procedure will eliminate the trap, but once again, it can affect quality due to the bonding of parts.
• The part can be built with an manufacturing hole to the trapped volume. This will eliminate the trapped volume but, add unintended geometry to the prototype.
© Copyright 2000 - 2009, by Engineers Edge, All rights reserved.
Rapid prototyping is the method for the creation of parts derived from 3D CAD data. The derived part is decomposed into slices (down to 0.003 inches thick), and SLA, STL builds the part a layer at a time. The contour and interior of a slice are created using a laser to solidify liquid polymer.
The first step is to translate a CAD file into surface model. The current industry standard format for this data is called STL. Most industry CAD packages have built in translation for this type of file. The file is then sliced into many layers like a stack of playing cards. This is known as an slice file or SLI. These SLI files are loaded digitally into the machine which drives the motions of a laser. Parts can be expensive, driven by the 4-24 hour build times and the expensive materials. One consideration is the brittle nature of the SLA model. Care should be taken in handling the produced parts. I have found that the rapid prototype process very helpful in concept, fit and assembly review during the design and development process.
Design
Due to the nature of the process, rapid prototyping is a very easy process to design for. The primary difficulty lies in avoiding large, thin sections which tend to warp while curing. Trapped volumes should also be avoided. To overcome a trapped volume, there are techniques available, but these can impact build times, quality and design intent.
• Fill trapped volumes with the CAD model before file conversion.
• Change the geometry. The part can be built in sections This procedure will eliminate the trap, but once again, it can affect quality due to the bonding of parts.
• The part can be built with an manufacturing hole to the trapped volume. This will eliminate the trapped volume but, add unintended geometry to the prototype.
© Copyright 2000 - 2009, by Engineers Edge, All rights reserved.
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